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Manure is one of the most important N sources in paddy rice systems, while it poses a great challenge in meeting rice N requirement and simultaneously reduces adverse environmental impacts. The main objective of this study was to design a simple model for assessing N fate in swine manure amended paddy rice systems. A field experiment was conducted for three cropping seasons to determine the effectiveness...
We hypothesize that the dynamics of water soluble arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V) in soils might be controlled by the period of flooding due to changes of redox potential (E H ), pH, and carriers of metals such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and sulfate (SO 42− ). Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of different...
Soil cracks generated in paddy fields upon drying may be main pathways of preferential flow. In this paper we aimed to characterize soil cracks in paddy field and to assess their role in preferential flow. Two paddy fields, one cultivated for 20years (YPF) and the other cultivated for more than 100years (OPF), were subjected to either alternate flooding and drying (AFD) or continuous flooding (CF)...
The determination of geochemical fractions of heavy metals (HM) in soils is a key issue when studying their mobility. Therefore, we have determined the geochemical fractions and the vertical distribution of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in seven floodplain soil profiles in relation to flooding conditions and relevant soil properties. These soil profiles represent two different soil groups...
Flood pulses are major drivers of river–floodplain processes. We investigated their effects on soil nitrogen (N) transformations along a lateral gradient from the river to a mature alluvial forest in the Thur River floodplain (NE Switzerland). Selected N pools (ammonium and nitrate) and N transformations (mineralization, nitrification and denitrification) in the topsoils were repeatedly quantified...
Nitrate removal from runoff from agricultural land is in general required to reach a “good chemical status” of surface and groundwater bodies according to the European Water Framework Directive. Removing nitrates via heterotrophic denitrification is highly effective but requires stable anoxic environmental conditions as well as available organic carbon as electron donator. Constructed wetlands (CWs),...
Adsorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil relates closely to hydrous Fe oxides, being one of the most important adsorbents. In paddy soils, reductive dissolution of hydrous Fe oxides may reduce the capacity of topsoils to retain organic matter. Dissolved organic matter produced and processed under anoxic conditions in the topsoils, thus, is leached into deeper soil horizons that still have...
Inundation of paddy soils for submerged rice production strongly impacts soil formation. Here we used chronosequences with up to 2000years of cultivation history to compare soil formation in non-inundated (non-paddy) cropping systems with the formation of soils used for paddy rice production. This approach allowed us to identify the influence of agricultural management at different stages of pedogenesis...
Arsenic contamination of groundwaters in the floodplain of the Ganges–Meghna river system can represent a serious threat to human health and to the sustainability of irrigated rice cultivation. The extent of As accumulation in the soils irrigated with As-containing groundwater seems to vary among different study areas and the relationships between the pedoenvironmental conditions and As fixation/mobilization...
Considerable effort has been directed at restoring riparian zones to ensure they continue to provide ecosystem services and one of the most common aims of these activities is to reduce nutrients (in either water or soil) entering waterways. Vegetation plays a major role in nutrient interception, but nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems are strongly influenced by edaphic factors. Therefore understanding...
Biotic and abiotic processes controlling nitrogen (N) immobilization in paddy soils may significantly affect nutrient availability for plant uptake during the rice cropping season, as well as the efficiency of applied N fertilizers. Understanding the influence of water and crop residue management practices on N availability, however, requires detailed insight into the mechanisms and factors controlling...
Paddy soil, puddled and submerged for a few months every year, shows remarkable shrinkage when it dries, but cannot swell up to its original volume when it is submerged again. Such volumetric change induces desiccation cracks, which significantly affect the hydrological behavior of paddy fields. The present study aimed to reveal the basic behavior of cyclic shrinkage and swelling of clayey paddy soil...
We studied organic carbon (OC) accumulation in organo-mineral associations during soil development on calcareous parent material. Two chronosequences in the Zhejiang Province, PR China, were investigated; one under paddy cultivation with a maximum soil age of 2000years, and the other under upland crops where the oldest soil was 700years old. Bulk soils and soil fractions of the uppermost A horizons...
Over recent decades, the number of floodplain restoration projects has increased worldwide. In Switzerland, several projects have been implemented to maintain or recreate ecological functions of floodplains. Despite this, little is known about the potential of floodplain soils to release and/or accumulate carbon. In alluvial soils, carbon storage is strongly influenced by fluvial dynamics, and therefore...
We aimed to determine the concentrations and geochemical fractions of rare earth elements (REEs) according to the genetic soil horizons of two soil profiles (Eutric Fluvisols) at the Wupper River, Germany. The concentrations were determined using aqua regia extraction and the geochemical fractions were assessed using a sequential extraction procedure developed by the Commission of the European Communities...
Peat extraction for energy purposes causes major changes in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. According to national strategies for extracting peat in Finland, new peat extraction areas should be established on previously drained peatlands. On such areas it is difficult to find the natural, intact peatland required for treatment wetlands or so-called overland flow areas, which are considered...
The Coast Range mountains in California (CA), USA, may harbor remnant communities of soil biota that no longer occur in the intensively-managed agricultural valleys nearby. Relationships between nematode communities, riparian vegetation, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, and other soil properties were studied at a reserve managed for biodiversity conservation. Differences between riparian habitats...
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